Configuring Jest

Jest's configuration can be defined in the package.json file of your project, or through a jest.config.js, or jest.config.ts file or through the --config <path/to/file.js|ts|cjs|mjs|json> option. If you'd like to use your package.json to store Jest's config, the "jest" key should be used on the top level so Jest will know how to find your settings:

{
  "name": "my-project",
  "jest": {
    "verbose": true
  }
}

或者通过 JavaScript：

// jest.config.js
// Sync object
module.exports = {
  verbose: true,
};

// Or async function
module.exports = async () => {
  return {
    verbose: true,
  };
};

Or through TypeScript (if ts-node is installed):

// jest.config.ts
import type {Config} from '@jest/types';

// Sync object
const config: Config.InitialOptions = {
  verbose: true,
};
export default config;

// Or async function
export default async (): Promise<Config.InitialOptions> => {
  return {
    verbose: true,
  };
};

请记住最后拿到的配置必须是可被 JSON 序列化的。

使用--config配置选项时，JSON 文件绝不能有"jest"键值︰

{
  "bail": 1,
  "verbose": true
}

选项

这些选项让你可以通过package.json文件来控制Jest的行为。Jest的理念是希望默认配置就能运行得很好，但有些时候我们还是需要发挥配置的功效。

Defaults

您可以了解 Jest 的默认选项，以便在必要时扩展它们：

// jest.config.js
const {defaults} = require('jest-config');
module.exports = {
  // ...
  moduleFileExtensions: [...defaults.moduleFileExtensions, 'ts', 'tsx'],
  // ...
};

automock [boolean]
bail [number | boolean]
cacheDirectory [string]
clearMocks [boolean]
collectCoverage [boolean]
collectCoverageFrom [array]
coverageDirectory [string]
coveragePathIgnorePatterns [array<string>]
coverageProvider [string]
coverageReporters [array<string | [string, options]>]
coverageThreshold [object]
dependencyExtractor [string]
displayName [string, object]
errorOnDeprecated [boolean]
extensionsToTreatAsEsm [array<string>]
extraGlobals [array<string>]
forceCoverageMatch [array<string>]
globals [object]
globalSetup [string]
globalTeardown [string]
haste [object]
injectGlobals [boolean]
maxConcurrency [number]
moduleDirectories [array<string>]
moduleFileExtensions [array<string>]
moduleNameMapper [object<string, string | array<string>>]
modulePathIgnorePatterns [array<string>]
modulePaths [array<string>]
notify [boolean]
notifyMode [string]
preset [string]
prettierPath [string]
projects [array<string | projectconfig>]
reporters [array<modulename | [modulename, options]>]
resetMocks [boolean]
resetModules [boolean]
resolver [string]
restoreMocks [boolean]
rootDir [string]
roots [array<string>]
runner [string]
setupFiles [array]
setupFilesAfterEnv [array]
slowTestThreshold [number]
snapshotResolver [string]
snapshotSerializers [array<string>]
testEnvironment [string]
testEnvironmentOptions [Object]
testFailureExitCode [number]
testMatch [array<string>]
testPathIgnorePatterns [array<string>]
testRegex [string | array<string>]
testResultsProcessor [string]
testRunner [string]
testSequencer [string]
testTimeout [number]
testURL [string]
timers [string]
transform [object<string, pathToTransformer | [pathToTransformer, object]>]
transformIgnorePatterns [array<string>]
unmockedModulePathPatterns [array<string>]
verbose [boolean]
watchPathIgnorePatterns [array<string>]
watchPlugins [array<string | [string, object]>]
watchman [boolean]
// [string]

参考

`automock` [boolean]

默认值︰false

This option tells Jest that all imported modules in your tests should be mocked automatically. All modules used in your tests will have a replacement implementation, keeping the API surface.

示例：

// utils.js
export default {
  authorize: () => {
    return 'token';
  },
  isAuthorized: secret => secret === 'wizard',
};

//__tests__/automocking.test.js
import utils from '../utils';

test('if utils mocked automatically', () => {
  // Public methods of `utils` are now mock functions
  expect(utils.authorize.mock).toBeTruthy();
  expect(utils.isAuthorized.mock).toBeTruthy();

  // You can provide them with your own implementation
  // or pass the expected return value
  utils.authorize.mockReturnValue('mocked_token');
  utils.isAuthorized.mockReturnValue(true);

  expect(utils.authorize()).toBe('mocked_token');
  expect(utils.isAuthorized('not_wizard')).toBeTruthy();
});

Note: Node modules are automatically mocked when you have a manual mock in place (e.g.: __mocks__/lodash.js). More info here.

注意：类似 fs 这样的核心模块，默认是不模拟的。它们可以像 jest.mock('fs') 这样被显式地指定模拟。

`bail` [number | boolean]

Default: 0

By default, Jest runs all tests and produces all errors into the console upon completion. The bail config option can be used here to have Jest stop running tests after n failures. Setting bail to true is the same as setting bail to 1.

`cacheDirectory` [string]

默认值︰ "/tmp/<path>"

Jest用来储存依赖信息缓存的目录。

Jest 尝试去扫描你的依赖树一次（前期）并且把依赖树缓存起来，其目的就是抹去某些在运行测试时需要进行的文件系统排序。这一配置选项让你可以自定义Jest将缓存数据储存在磁盘的那个位置。

`clearMocks` [boolean]

默认值︰false

Automatically clear mock calls and instances before every test. Equivalent to calling jest.clearAllMocks() before each test. This does not remove any mock implementation that may have been provided.

`collectCoverage` [boolean]

默认值︰false

指出是否收集测试时的覆盖率信息。由于要带上覆盖率搜集语句重新访问所有执行过的文件，这可能会让你的测试执行速度被明显减慢。

`collectCoverageFrom` [array]

默认值：undefined

An array of glob patterns indicating a set of files for which coverage information should be collected. If a file matches the specified glob pattern, coverage information will be collected for it even if no tests exist for this file and it's never required in the test suite.

示例：

{
  "collectCoverageFrom": [
    "**/*.{js,jsx}",
    "!**/node_modules/**",
    "!**/vendor/**"
  ]
}

This will collect coverage information for all the files inside the project's rootDir, except the ones that match **/node_modules/** or **/vendor/**.

注意：该选项要求 collectCoverage 被设成true，或者通过 --coverage 参数来调用 Jest。

Help:

If you are seeing coverage output such as...

=============================== Coverage summary ===============================
Statements   : Unknown% ( 0/0 )
Branches     : Unknown% ( 0/0 )
Functions    : Unknown% ( 0/0 )
Lines        : Unknown% ( 0/0 )
================================================================================
Jest: Coverage data for global was not found.

Most likely your glob patterns are not matching any files. Refer to the micromatch documentation to ensure your globs are compatible.

`coverageDirectory` [string]

默认值：undefined

Jest输出覆盖信息文件的目录。

`coveragePathIgnorePatterns` [array<string>]

默认值︰["node_modules"]

An array of regexp pattern strings that are matched against all file paths before executing the test. If the file path matches any of the patterns, coverage information will be skipped.

These pattern strings match against the full path. Use the <rootDir> string token to include the path to your project's root directory to prevent it from accidentally ignoring all of your files in different environments that may have different root directories. Example: ["<rootDir>/build/", "<rootDir>/node_modules/"].

`coverageProvider` [string]

指定应使用哪个程序来检测覆盖范围的代码。允许的值为` babel </ code>（默认）或 v8 </ code>。


Note that using v8` is considered experimental. This uses V8's builtin code coverage rather than one based on Babel. It is not as well tested, and it has also improved in the last few releases of Node. Using the latest versions of node (v14 at the time of this writing) will yield better results.
coverageReporters [array<string | [string, options]>]

Default: ["json", "lcov", "text", "clover"]
A list of reporter names that Jest uses when writing coverage reports. Any istanbul reporter can be used.
Note: Setting this option overwrites the default values. Add "text" or "text-summary" to see a coverage summary in the console output.
Note: You can pass additional options to the istanbul reporter using the tuple form. For example:
["json", ["lcov", {"projectRoot": "../../"}]]

For the additional information about the options object shape you can refer to CoverageReporterWithOptions type in the type definitions.
coverageThreshold [object]
默认值：undefined
This will be used to configure minimum threshold enforcement for coverage results. Thresholds can be specified as global, as a glob, and as a directory or file path. 如果没有达到阈值，Jest 执行测试时将会失败。 Thresholds specified as a positive number are taken to be the minimum percentage required. Thresholds specified as a negative number represent the maximum number of uncovered entities allowed.
For example, with the following configuration jest will fail if there is less than 80% branch, line, and function coverage, or if there are more than 10 uncovered statements:
{
  ...
  "jest": {
    "coverageThreshold": {
      "global": {
        "branches": 80,
        "functions": 80,
        "lines": 80,
        "statements": -10
      }
    }
  }
}

If globs or paths are specified alongside global, coverage data for matching paths will be subtracted from overall coverage and thresholds will be applied independently. 通配符模式设置的阈值将应用到所匹配的所有文件上并单独计算。 If the file specified by path is not found, an error is returned.
例如，基于下面的配置：
{
  ...
  "jest": {
    "coverageThreshold": {
      "global": {
        "branches": 50,
        "functions": 50,
        "lines": 50,
        "statements": 50
      },
      "./src/components/": {
        "branches": 40,
        "statements": 40
      },
      "./src/reducers/**/*.js": {
        "statements": 90
      },
      "./src/api/very-important-module.js": {
        "branches": 100,
        "functions": 100,
        "lines": 100,
        "statements": 100
      }
    }
  }
}

Jest 在以下情况下将失败：

The ./src/components directory has less than 40% branch or statement coverage.
One of the files matching the ./src/reducers/**/*.js glob has less than 90% statement coverage.
文件 ./src/api/very-important-module.js 的任意一种覆盖率低于 100%
所有剩下的文件的任意一种覆盖率总计低于 50% (根据 global)

dependencyExtractor [string]
默认值：undefined
This option allows the use of a custom dependency extractor. It must be a node module that exports an object with an extract function. E.g.:
const crypto = require('crypto');
const fs = require('fs');

module.exports = {
  extract(code, filePath, defaultExtract) {
    const deps = defaultExtract(code, filePath);
    // Scan the file and add dependencies in `deps` (which is a `Set`)
    return deps;
  },
  getCacheKey() {
    return crypto
      .createHash('md5')
      .update(fs.readFileSync(__filename))
      .digest('hex');
  },
};

The extract function should return an iterable (Array, Set, etc.) with the dependencies found in the code.
That module can also contain a getCacheKey function to generate a cache key to determine if the logic has changed and any cached artifacts relying on it should be discarded.
displayName [string, object]
默认值：undefined
Allows for a label to be printed alongside a test while it is running. This becomes more useful in multi-project repositories where there can be many jest configuration files. This visually tells which project a test belongs to. Here are sample valid values.
module.exports = {
  displayName: 'CLIENT',
};

或
module.exports = {
  displayName: {
    name: 'CLIENT',
    color: 'blue',
  },
};

As a secondary option, an object with the properties name and color can be passed. This allows for a custom configuration of the background color of the displayName. displayName defaults to white when its value is a string. Jest uses chalk to provide the color. As such, all of the valid options for colors supported by chalk are also supported by jest.
errorOnDeprecated [boolean]
默认值︰false
Make calling deprecated APIs throw helpful error messages. Useful for easing the upgrade process.
extensionsToTreatAsEsm [array<string>]
默认值：[]
Jest will run .mjs and .js files with nearest package.json's type field set to module as ECMAScript Modules. If you have any other files that should run with native ESM, you need to specify their file extension here.

Note: Jest's ESM support is still experimental, see its docs for more details.

{
  ...
  "jest": {
    "extensionsToTreatAsEsm": [".ts"]
  }
}

extraGlobals [array<string>]
默认值：undefined
Test files run inside a vm, which slows calls to global context properties (e.g. Math). With this option you can specify extra properties to be defined inside the vm for faster lookups.
For example, if your tests call Math often, you can pass it by setting extraGlobals.
{
  ...
  "jest": {
    "extraGlobals": ["Math"]
  }
}

forceCoverageMatch [array<string>]
Default: ['']
Test files are normally ignored from collecting code coverage. With this option, you can overwrite this behavior and include otherwise ignored files in code coverage.
For example, if you have tests in source files named with .t.js extension as following:
// sum.t.js

export function sum(a, b) {
  return a + b;
}

if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'test') {
  test('sum', () => {
    expect(sum(1, 2)).toBe(3);
  });
}

你可以通过设置 forceCoverageMatch 从这些文件中收集覆盖率。
{
  ...
  "jest": {
    "forceCoverageMatch": ["**/*.t.js"]
  }
}

globals [object]
默认值：{}
一组全局变量，在所有测试环境下都可以访问。
例如，下面这段代码将为所有测试环境创建一个值为true的全局变量__DEV__：
{
  ...
  "jest": {
    "globals": {
      "__DEV__": true
    }
  }
}

注意，如果你在这指定了一个全局引用值（例如，对象或者数组），之后在测试运行中有些代码改变了这个被引用的值，这个改动对于其他测试不会生效。 In addition, the globals object must be json-serializable, so it can't be used to specify global functions. For that, you should use setupFiles.
globalSetup [string]
默认值：undefined
This option allows the use of a custom global setup module which exports an async function that is triggered once before all test suites. This function gets Jest's globalConfig object as a parameter.
Note: A global setup module configured in a project (using multi-project runner) will be triggered only when you run at least one test from this project.
Note: Any global variables that are defined through globalSetup can only be read in globalTeardown. You cannot retrieve globals defined here in your test suites.
Note: While code transformation is applied to the linked setup-file, Jest will not transform any code in node_modules. This is due to the need to load the actual transformers (e.g. babel or typescript) to perform transformation.
示例：
// setup.js
module.exports = async () => {
  // ...
  // Set reference to mongod in order to close the server during teardown.
  global.__MONGOD__ = mongod;
};

// teardown.js
module.exports = async function () {
  await global.__MONGOD__.stop();
};

globalTeardown [string]
默认值：undefined
This option allows the use of a custom global teardown module which exports an async function that is triggered once after all test suites. This function gets Jest's globalConfig object as a parameter.
Note: A global teardown module configured in a project (using multi-project runner) will be triggered only when you run at least one test from this project.
Note: The same caveat concerning transformation of node_modules as for globalSetup applies to globalTeardown.
haste [object]
默认值：undefined
This will be used to configure the behavior of jest-haste-map, Jest's internal file crawler/cache system. The following options are supported:
type HasteConfig = {
  // Whether to hash files using SHA-1.
  computeSha1?: boolean;
  // The platform to use as the default, e.g. 'ios'.
  defaultPlatform?: string | null;
  // Path to a custom implementation of Haste.
  hasteImplModulePath?: string;
  // All platforms to target, e.g ['ios', 'android'].
  platforms?: Array<string>;
  // Whether to throw on error on module collision.
  throwOnModuleCollision?: boolean;
};

injectGlobals [boolean]
Default: true
Insert Jest's globals (expect, test, describe, beforeEach etc.) into the global environment. If you set this to false, you should import from @jest/globals, e.g.
import {expect, jest, test} from '@jest/globals';

jest.useFakeTimers();

test('some test', () => {
  expect(Date.now()).toBe(0);
});

Note: This option is only supported using the default jest-circus. test runner
maxConcurrency [number]
Default: 5
A number limiting the number of tests that are allowed to run at the same time when using test.concurrent. Any test above this limit will be queued and executed once a slot is released.
moduleDirectories [array<string>]
默认值︰["node_modules"]
An array of directory names to be searched recursively up from the requiring module's location. Setting this option will override the default, if you wish to still search node_modules for packages include it along with any other options: ["node_modules", "bower_components"]
moduleFileExtensions [array<string>]
Default: ["js", "jsx", "ts", "tsx", "json", "node"]
An array of file extensions your modules use. If you require modules without specifying a file extension, these are the extensions Jest will look for, in left-to-right order.
We recommend placing the extensions most commonly used in your project on the left, so if you are using TypeScript, you may want to consider moving "ts" and/or "tsx" to the beginning of the array.
moduleNameMapper [object<string, string | array<string>>]
默认值︰null
A map from regular expressions to module names or to arrays of module names that allow to stub out resources, like images or styles with a single module.
Modules that are mapped to an alias are unmocked by default, regardless of whether automocking is enabled or not.
Use <rootDir> string token to refer to rootDir value if you want to use file paths.
Additionally, you can substitute captured regex groups using numbered backreferences.
示例：
{
  "moduleNameMapper": {
    "^image![a-zA-Z0-9$_-]+$": "GlobalImageStub",
    "^[./a-zA-Z0-9$_-]+\\.png$": "<rootDir>/RelativeImageStub.js",
    "module_name_(.*)": "<rootDir>/substituted_module_$1.js",
    "assets/(.*)": [
      "<rootDir>/images/$1",
      "<rootDir>/photos/$1",
      "<rootDir>/recipes/$1"
    ]
  }
}

The order in which the mappings are defined matters. Patterns are checked one by one until one fits. The most specific rule should be listed first. This is true for arrays of module names as well.
Note: If you provide module name without boundaries ^$ it may cause hard to spot errors. E.g. relay will replace all modules which contain relay as a substring in its name: relay, react-relay and graphql-relay will all be pointed to your stub.
modulePathIgnorePatterns [array<string>]
默认值：[]
An array of regexp pattern strings that are matched against all module paths before those paths are to be considered 'visible' to the module loader. If a given module's path matches any of the patterns, it will not be require()-able in the test environment.
These pattern strings match against the full path. Use the <rootDir> string token to include the path to your project's root directory to prevent it from accidentally ignoring all of your files in different environments that may have different root directories. Example: ["<rootDir>/build/"].
modulePaths [array<string>]
默认值：[]
An alternative API to setting the NODE_PATH env variable, modulePaths is an array of absolute paths to additional locations to search when resolving modules. Use the <rootDir> string token to include the path to your project's root directory. Example: ["<rootDir>/app/"].
notify [boolean]
默认值︰false
Activates notifications for test results.
Beware: Jest uses node-notifier to display desktop notifications. On Windows, it creates a new start menu entry on the first use and not display the notification. Notifications will be properly displayed on subsequent runs
notifyMode [string]
Default: failure-change
Specifies notification mode. Requires notify: true.
Modes

always: always send a notification.
failure: send a notification when tests fail.
success: send a notification when tests pass.
change: send a notification when the status changed.
success-change: send a notification when tests pass or once when it fails.
failure-change: send a notification when tests fail or once when it passes.

preset [string]
默认值：undefined
A preset that is used as a base for Jest's configuration. A preset should point to an npm module that has a jest-preset.json or jest-preset.js file at the root.
For example, this preset foo-bar/jest-preset.js will be configured as follows:
{
  "preset": "foo-bar"
}

Presets may also be relative to filesystem paths.
{
  "preset": "./node_modules/foo-bar/jest-preset.js"
}

prettierPath [string]
Default: 'prettier'
Sets the path to the prettier node module used to update inline snapshots.
projects [array<string | projectconfig>]
默认值：undefined
When the projects configuration is provided with an array of paths or glob patterns, Jest will run tests in all of the specified projects at the same time. This is great for monorepos or when working on multiple projects at the same time.
{
  "projects": ["<rootDir>", "<rootDir>/examples/*"]
}

This example configuration will run Jest in the root directory as well as in every folder in the examples directory. You can have an unlimited amount of projects running in the same Jest instance.
The projects feature can also be used to run multiple configurations or multiple runners. For this purpose, you can pass an array of configuration objects. For example, to run both tests and ESLint (via jest-runner-eslint) in the same invocation of Jest:
{
  "projects": [
    {
      "displayName": "test"
    },
    {
      "displayName": "lint",
      "runner": "jest-runner-eslint",
      "testMatch": ["<rootDir>/**/*.js"]
    }
  ]
}

Note: When using multi-project runner, it's recommended to add a displayName for each project. This will show the displayName of a project next to its tests.
reporters [array<modulename | [modulename, options]>]
默认值：undefined
Use this configuration option to add custom reporters to Jest. A custom reporter is a class that implements onRunStart, onTestStart, onTestResult, onRunComplete methods that will be called when any of those events occurs.
If custom reporters are specified, the default Jest reporters will be overridden. To keep default reporters, default can be passed as a module name.
This will override default reporters:
{
  "reporters": ["<rootDir>/my-custom-reporter.js"]
}

This will use custom reporter in addition to default reporters that Jest provides:
{
  "reporters": ["default", "<rootDir>/my-custom-reporter.js"]
}

Additionally, custom reporters can be configured by passing an options object as a second argument:
{
  "reporters": [
    "default",
    ["<rootDir>/my-custom-reporter.js", {"banana": "yes", "pineapple": "no"}]
  ]
}

Custom reporter modules must define a class that takes a GlobalConfig and reporter options as constructor arguments:
Example reporter:
// my-custom-reporter.js
class MyCustomReporter {
  constructor(globalConfig, options) {
    this._globalConfig = globalConfig;
    this._options = options;
  }

  onRunComplete(contexts, results) {
    console.log('Custom reporter output:');
    console.log('GlobalConfig: ', this._globalConfig);
    console.log('Options: ', this._options);
  }
}

module.exports = MyCustomReporter;
// or export default MyCustomReporter;

Custom reporters can also force Jest to exit with non-0 code by returning an Error from getLastError() methods
class MyCustomReporter {
  // ...
  getLastError() {
    if (this._shouldFail) {
      return new Error('my-custom-reporter.js reported an error');
    }
  }
}

For the full list of methods and argument types see Reporter interface in packages/jest-reporters/src/types.ts
resetMocks [boolean]
默认值︰false
Automatically reset mock state before every test. Equivalent to calling jest.resetAllMocks() before each test. This will lead to any mocks having their fake implementations removed but does not restore their initial implementation.
resetModules [boolean]
默认值︰false
By default, each test file gets its own independent module registry. Enabling resetModules goes a step further and resets the module registry before running each individual test. This is useful to isolate modules for every test so that the local module state doesn't conflict between tests. This can be done programmatically using jest.resetModules().
resolver [string]
默认值：undefined
This option allows the use of a custom resolver. This resolver must be a node module that exports a function expecting a string as the first argument for the path to resolve and an object with the following structure as the second argument:
{
  "basedir": string,
  "defaultResolver": "function(request, options)",
  "extensions": [string],
  "moduleDirectory": [string],
  "paths": [string],
  "packageFilter": "function(pkg, pkgdir)",
  "rootDir": [string]
}

The function should either return a path to the module that should be resolved or throw an error if the module can't be found.
Note: the defaultResolver passed as an option is the Jest default resolver which might be useful when you write your custom one. It takes the same arguments as your custom one, e.g. (request, options).
For example, if you want to respect Browserify's "browser" field, you can use the following configuration:
{
  ...
  "jest": {
    "resolver": "<rootDir>/resolver.js"
  }
}

// resolver.js
const browserResolve = require('browser-resolve');

module.exports = browserResolve.sync;

By combining defaultResolver and packageFilter we can implement a package.json "pre-processor" that allows us to change how the default resolver will resolve modules. For example, imagine we want to use the field "module" if it is present, otherwise fallback to "main":
{
  ...
  "jest": {
    "resolver": "my-module-resolve"
  }
}

// my-module-resolve package

module.exports = (request, options) => {
  // Call the defaultResolver, so we leverage its cache, error handling, etc.
  return options.defaultResolver(request, {
    ...options,
    // Use packageFilter to process parsed `package.json` before the resolution (see https://www.npmjs.com/package/resolve#resolveid-opts-cb)
    packageFilter: pkg => {
      return {
        ...pkg,
        // Alter the value of `main` before resolving the package
        main: pkg.module || pkg.main,
      };
    },
  });
};

restoreMocks [boolean]
默认值︰false
Automatically restore mock state before every test. Equivalent to calling jest.restoreAllMocks() before each test. This will lead to any mocks having their fake implementations removed and restores their initial implementation.
rootDir [string]
Default: The root of the directory containing your Jest config file or the package.json or the pwd if no package.json is found
The root directory that Jest should scan for tests and modules within. If you put your Jest config inside your package.json and want the root directory to be the root of your repo, the value for this config param will default to the directory of the package.json.
Oftentimes, you'll want to set this to 'src' or 'lib', corresponding to where in your repository the code is stored.
Note that using '<rootDir>' as a string token in any other path-based config settings will refer back to this value. So, for example, if you want your setupFiles config entry to point at the env-setup.js file at the root of your project, you could set its value to ["<rootDir>/env-setup.js"].
roots [array<string>]
默认值︰["<rootDir>"]
A list of paths to directories that Jest should use to search for files in.
There are times where you only want Jest to search in a single sub-directory (such as cases where you have a src/ directory in your repo), but prevent it from accessing the rest of the repo.
Note: While rootDir is mostly used as a token to be re-used in other configuration options, roots is used by the internals of Jest to locate test files and source files. This applies also when searching for manual mocks for modules from node_modules (__mocks__ will need to live in one of the roots).
Note: By default, roots has a single entry <rootDir> but there are cases where you may want to have multiple roots within one project, for example roots: ["<rootDir>/src/", "<rootDir>/tests/"].
runner [string]
Default: "jest-runner"
This option allows you to use a custom runner instead of Jest's default test runner. Examples of runners include:

jest-runner-eslint
jest-runner-mocha
jest-runner-tsc
jest-runner-prettier

Note: The runner property value can omit the jest-runner- prefix of the package name.
To write a test-runner, export a class with which accepts globalConfig in the constructor, and has a runTests method with the signature:
async runTests(
  tests: Array<Test>,
  watcher: TestWatcher,
  onStart: OnTestStart,
  onResult: OnTestSuccess,
  onFailure: OnTestFailure,
  options: TestRunnerOptions,
): Promise<void>

If you need to restrict your test-runner to only run in serial rather than being executed in parallel your class should have the property isSerial to be set as true.
setupFiles [array]
默认值：[]
A list of paths to modules that run some code to configure or set up the testing environment. Each setupFile will be run once per test file. Since every test runs in its own environment, these scripts will be executed in the testing environment immediately before executing the test code itself.
It's also worth noting that setupFiles will execute before setupFilesAfterEnv.
setupFilesAfterEnv [array]
默认值：[]
A list of paths to modules that run some code to configure or set up the testing framework before each test file in the suite is executed. Since setupFiles executes before the test framework is installed in the environment, this script file presents you the opportunity of running some code immediately after the test framework has been installed in the environment.
If you want a path to be relative to the root directory of your project, please include <rootDir> inside a path's string, like "<rootDir>/a-configs-folder".
For example, Jest ships with several plug-ins to jasmine that work by monkey-patching the jasmine API. If you wanted to add even more jasmine plugins to the mix (or if you wanted some custom, project-wide matchers for example), you could do so in these modules.
Note: setupTestFrameworkScriptFile is deprecated in favor of setupFilesAfterEnv.
Example setupFilesAfterEnv array in a jest.config.js:
module.exports = {
  setupFilesAfterEnv: ['./jest.setup.js'],
};

Example jest.setup.js file
jest.setTimeout(10000); // in milliseconds

slowTestThreshold [number]
Default: 5
The number of seconds after which a test is considered as slow and reported as such in the results.
snapshotResolver [string]
默认值：undefined
The path to a module that can resolve test<->snapshot path. This config option lets you customize where Jest stores snapshot files on disk.
Example snapshot resolver module:
module.exports = {
  // resolves from test to snapshot path
  resolveSnapshotPath: (testPath, snapshotExtension) =>
    testPath.replace('__tests__', '__snapshots__') + snapshotExtension,

  // resolves from snapshot to test path
  resolveTestPath: (snapshotFilePath, snapshotExtension) =>
    snapshotFilePath
      .replace('__snapshots__', '__tests__')
      .slice(0, -snapshotExtension.length),

  // Example test path, used for preflight consistency check of the implementation above
  testPathForConsistencyCheck: 'some/__tests__/example.test.js',
};

snapshotSerializers [array<string>]
默认值：[]
A list of paths to snapshot serializer modules Jest should use for snapshot testing.
Jest has default serializers for built-in JavaScript types, HTML elements (Jest 20.0.0+), ImmutableJS (Jest 20.0.0+) and for React elements. See snapshot test tutorial for more information.
Example serializer module:
// my-serializer-module
module.exports = {
  serialize(val, config, indentation, depth, refs, printer) {
    return 'Pretty foo: ' + printer(val.foo);
  },

  test(val) {
    return val && val.hasOwnProperty('foo');
  },
};

printer is a function that serializes a value using existing plugins.
To use my-serializer-module as a serializer, configuration would be as follows:
{
  ...
  "jest": {
    "snapshotSerializers": ["my-serializer-module"]
  }
}

Finally tests would look as follows:
test(() => {
  const bar = {
    foo: {
      x: 1,
      y: 2,
    },
  };

  expect(bar).toMatchSnapshot();
});

Rendered snapshot:
Pretty foo: Object {
  "x": 1,
  "y": 2,
}

To make a dependency explicit instead of implicit, you can call expect.addSnapshotSerializer to add a module for an individual test file instead of adding its path to snapshotSerializers in Jest configuration.
More about serializers API can be found here.
testEnvironment [string]
Default: "node"
The test environment that will be used for testing. The default environment in Jest is a Node.js environment. If you are building a web app, you can use a browser-like environment through jsdom instead.
By adding a @jest-environment docblock at the top of the file, you can specify another environment to be used for all tests in that file:
/**
 * @jest-environment jsdom
 */

test('use jsdom in this test file', () => {
  const element = document.createElement('div');
  expect(element).not.toBeNull();
});

You can create your own module that will be used for setting up the test environment. The module must export a class with setup, teardown and getVmContext methods. You can also pass variables from this module to your test suites by assigning them to this.global object – this will make them available in your test suites as global variables.
The class may optionally expose an asynchronous handleTestEvent method to bind to events fired by jest-circus. Normally, jest-circus test runner would pause until a promise returned from handleTestEvent gets fulfilled, except for the next events: start_describe_definition, finish_describe_definition, add_hook, add_test or error (for the up-to-date list you can look at SyncEvent type in the types definitions). That is caused by backward compatibility reasons and process.on('unhandledRejection', callback) signature, but that usually should not be a problem for most of the use cases.
Any docblock pragmas in test files will be passed to the environment constructor and can be used for per-test configuration. If the pragma does not have a value, it will be present in the object with its value set to an empty string. If the pragma is not present, it will not be present in the object.
To use this class as your custom environment, refer to it by its full path within the project. For example, if your class is stored in my-custom-environment.js in some subfolder of your project, then the annotation might looke like this:
/**
 * @jest-environment ./src/test/my-custom-environment
 */

Note: TestEnvironment is sandboxed. Each test suite will trigger setup/teardown in their own TestEnvironment.
示例：
// my-custom-environment
const NodeEnvironment = require('jest-environment-node');

class CustomEnvironment extends NodeEnvironment {
  constructor(config, context) {
    super(config, context);
    this.testPath = context.testPath;
    this.docblockPragmas = context.docblockPragmas;
  }

  async setup() {
    await super.setup();
    await someSetupTasks(this.testPath);
    this.global.someGlobalObject = createGlobalObject();

    // Will trigger if docblock contains @my-custom-pragma my-pragma-value
    if (this.docblockPragmas['my-custom-pragma'] === 'my-pragma-value') {
      // ...
    }
  }

  async teardown() {
    this.global.someGlobalObject = destroyGlobalObject();
    await someTeardownTasks();
    await super.teardown();
  }

  getVmContext() {
    return super.getVmContext();
  }

  async handleTestEvent(event, state) {
    if (event.name === 'test_start') {
      // ...
    }
  }
}

module.exports = CustomEnvironment;

// my-test-suite
/**
 * @jest-environment ./my-custom-environment
 */
let someGlobalObject;

beforeAll(() => {
  someGlobalObject = global.someGlobalObject;
});

testEnvironmentOptions [Object]
默认值：{}
Test environment options that will be passed to the testEnvironment. The relevant options depend on the environment. For example, you can override options given to jsdom such as {userAgent: "Agent/007"}.
testFailureExitCode [number]
Default: 1
The exit code Jest returns on test failure.
Note: This does not change the exit code in the case of Jest errors (e.g. invalid configuration).
testMatch [array<string>]
(default: [ "**/__tests__/**/*.[jt]s?(x)", "**/?(*.)+(spec|test).[jt]s?(x)" ])
The glob patterns Jest uses to detect test files. By default it looks for .js, .jsx, .ts and .tsx files inside of __tests__ folders, as well as any files with a suffix of .test or .spec (e.g. Component.test.js or Component.spec.js). It will also find files called test.js or spec.js.
See the micromatch package for details of the patterns you can specify.
See also testRegex [string | array<string>], but note that you cannot specify both options.
testPathIgnorePatterns [array<string>]
默认值︰["node_modules"]
An array of regexp pattern strings that are matched against all test paths before executing the test. If the test path matches any of the patterns, it will be skipped.
These pattern strings match against the full path. Use the <rootDir> string token to include the path to your project's root directory to prevent it from accidentally ignoring all of your files in different environments that may have different root directories. Example: ["<rootDir>/build/", "<rootDir>/node_modules/"].
testRegex [string | array<string>]
Default: (/__tests__/.*|(\\.|/)(test|spec))\\.[jt]sx?$
The pattern or patterns Jest uses to detect test files. By default it looks for .js, .jsx, .ts and .tsx files inside of __tests__ folders, as well as any files with a suffix of .test or .spec (e.g. Component.test.js or Component.spec.js). It will also find files called test.js or spec.js. See also testMatch [array<string>], but note that you cannot specify both options.
The following is a visualization of the default regex:
├── __tests__
│   └── component.spec.js # test
│   └── anything # test
├── package.json # not test
├── foo.test.js # test
├── bar.spec.jsx # test
└── component.js # not test

Note: testRegex will try to detect test files using the absolute file path, therefore, having a folder with a name that matches it will run all the files as tests
testResultsProcessor [string]
默认值：undefined
This option allows the use of a custom results processor. This processor must be a node module that exports a function expecting an object with the following structure as the first argument and return it:
{
  "success": boolean,
  "startTime": epoch,
  "numTotalTestSuites": number,
  "numPassedTestSuites": number,
  "numFailedTestSuites": number,
  "numRuntimeErrorTestSuites": number,
  "numTotalTests": number,
  "numPassedTests": number,
  "numFailedTests": number,
  "numPendingTests": number,
  "numTodoTests": number,
  "openHandles": Array<Error>,
  "testResults": [{
    "numFailingTests": number,
    "numPassingTests": number,
    "numPendingTests": number,
    "testResults": [{
      "title": string (message in it block),
      "status": "failed" | "pending" | "passed",
      "ancestorTitles": [string (message in describe blocks)],
      "failureMessages": [string],
      "numPassingAsserts": number,
      "location": {
        "column": number,
        "line": number
      }
    },
    ...
    ],
    "perfStats": {
      "start": epoch,
      "end": epoch
    },
    "testFilePath": absolute path to test file,
    "coverage": {}
  },
  ...
  ]
}

testRunner [string]
Default: jest-circus/runner
This option allows the use of a custom test runner. The default is jest-circus. A custom test runner can be provided by specifying a path to a test runner implementation.
The test runner module must export a function with the following signature:
function testRunner(
  globalConfig: GlobalConfig,
  config: ProjectConfig,
  environment: Environment,
  runtime: Runtime,
  testPath: string,
): Promise<TestResult>;

An example of such function can be found in our default jasmine2 test runner package.
testSequencer [string]
Default: @jest/test-sequencer
This option allows you to use a custom sequencer instead of Jest's default. sort may optionally return a Promise.
示例：
Sort test path alphabetically.
// testSequencer.js
const Sequencer = require('@jest/test-sequencer').default;

class CustomSequencer extends Sequencer {
  sort(tests) {
    // Test structure information
    // https://github.com/facebook/jest/blob/6b8b1404a1d9254e7d5d90a8934087a9c9899dab/packages/jest-runner/src/types.ts#L17-L21
    const copyTests = Array.from(tests);
    return copyTests.sort((testA, testB) => (testA.path > testB.path ? 1 : -1));
  }
}

module.exports = CustomSequencer;

Use it in your Jest config file like this:
{
  "testSequencer": "path/to/testSequencer.js"
}

testTimeout [number]
Default: 5000
默认测试超时时间单位为毫秒。
testURL [string]
Default: http://localhost
This option sets the URL for the jsdom environment. It is reflected in properties such as location.href.
timers [string]
默认值︰real
Setting this value to legacy or fake allows the use of fake timers for functions such as setTimeout. Fake timers are useful when a piece of code sets a long timeout that we don't want to wait for in a test.
If the value is modern, @sinonjs/fake-timers will be used as implementation instead of Jest's own legacy implementation. This will be the default fake implementation in Jest 27.
transform [object<string, pathToTransformer | [pathToTransformer, object]>]
Default: {"\\.[jt]sx?$": "babel-jest"}
A map from regular expressions to paths to transformers. A transformer is a module that provides a synchronous function for transforming source files. For example, if you wanted to be able to use a new language feature in your modules or tests that aren't yet supported by node, you might plug in one of many compilers that compile a future version of JavaScript to a current one. Example: see the examples/typescript example or the webpack tutorial.
Examples of such compilers include:

Babel
TypeScript
To build your own please visit the Custom Transformer section

You can pass configuration to a transformer like {filePattern: ['path-to-transformer', {options}]} For example, to configure babel-jest for non-default behavior, {"\\.js$": ['babel-jest', {rootMode: "upward"}]}
Note: a transformer is only run once per file unless the file has changed. During the development of a transformer it can be useful to run Jest with --no-cache to frequently delete Jest's cache.
Note: when adding additional code transformers, this will overwrite the default config and babel-jest is no longer automatically loaded. If you want to use it to compile JavaScript or Typescript, it has to be explicitly defined by adding {"\\.[jt]sx?$": "babel-jest"} to the transform property. See babel-jest plugin
A transformer must be an object with at least a process function, and it's also recommended to include a getCacheKey function. If your transformer is written in ESM you should have a default export with that object.
transformIgnorePatterns [array<string>]
Default: ["/node_modules/", "\\.pnp\\.[^\\\/]+$"]
An array of regexp pattern strings that are matched against all source file paths before transformation. If the test path matches any of the patterns, it will not be transformed.
These pattern strings match against the full path. Use the <rootDir> string token to include the path to your project's root directory to prevent it from accidentally ignoring all of your files in different environments that may have different root directories.
Example: ["<rootDir>/bower_components/", "<rootDir>/node_modules/"].
Sometimes it happens (especially in React Native or TypeScript projects) that 3rd party modules are published as untranspiled. Since all files inside node_modules are not transformed by default, Jest will not understand the code in these modules, resulting in syntax errors. To overcome this, you may use transformIgnorePatterns to allow transpiling such modules. You'll find a good example of this use case in React Native Guide.
unmockedModulePathPatterns [array<string>]
默认值：[]
An array of regexp pattern strings that are matched against all modules before the module loader will automatically return a mock for them. If a module's path matches any of the patterns in this list, it will not be automatically mocked by the module loader.
This is useful for some commonly used 'utility' modules that are almost always used as implementation details almost all the time (like underscore/lo-dash, etc). It's generally a best practice to keep this list as small as possible and always use explicit jest.mock()/jest.unmock() calls in individual tests. Explicit per-test setup is far easier for other readers of the test to reason about the environment the test will run in.
It is possible to override this setting in individual tests by explicitly calling jest.mock() at the top of the test file.
verbose [boolean]
默认值︰false
Indicates whether each individual test should be reported during the run. All errors will also still be shown on the bottom after execution. Note that if there is only one test file being run it will default to true.
watchPathIgnorePatterns [array<string>]
默认值：[]
An array of RegExp patterns that are matched against all source file paths before re-running tests in watch mode. If the file path matches any of the patterns, when it is updated, it will not trigger a re-run of tests.
These patterns match against the full path. Use the <rootDir> string token to include the path to your project's root directory to prevent it from accidentally ignoring all of your files in different environments that may have different root directories. Example: ["<rootDir>/node_modules/"].
Even if nothing is specified here, the watcher will ignore changes to any hidden files and directories, i.e. files and folders that begin with a dot (.).
watchPlugins [array<string | [string, object]>]
默认值：[]
This option allows you to use custom watch plugins. Read more about watch plugins here.
Examples of watch plugins include:

jest-watch-master
jest-watch-select-projects
jest-watch-suspend
jest-watch-typeahead
jest-watch-yarn-workspaces

Note: The values in the watchPlugins property value can omit the jest-watch- prefix of the package name.
watchman [boolean]
Default: true
Whether to use watchman for file crawling.
// [string]
No default
This option allows comments in package.json. Include the comment text as the value of this key anywhere in package.json.
示例：
{
  "name": "my-project",
  "jest": {
    "//": "Comment goes here",
    "verbose": true
  }
}

选项

Defaults

参考

automock [boolean]

bail [number | boolean]

cacheDirectory [string]

clearMocks [boolean]

collectCoverage [boolean]

collectCoverageFrom [array]

coverageDirectory [string]

coveragePathIgnorePatterns [array<string>]

coverageProvider [string]

coverageReporters [array<string | [string, options]>]

coverageThreshold [object]

dependencyExtractor [string]

displayName [string, object]

errorOnDeprecated [boolean]

extensionsToTreatAsEsm [array<string>]

extraGlobals [array<string>]

forceCoverageMatch [array<string>]

globals [object]

globalSetup [string]

globalTeardown [string]

haste [object]

injectGlobals [boolean]

maxConcurrency [number]

moduleDirectories [array<string>]

moduleFileExtensions [array<string>]

moduleNameMapper [object<string, string | array<string>>]

modulePathIgnorePatterns [array<string>]

modulePaths [array<string>]

notify [boolean]

notifyMode [string]

Modes

preset [string]

prettierPath [string]

projects [array<string | projectconfig>]

reporters [array<modulename | [modulename, options]>]

resetMocks [boolean]

resetModules [boolean]

resolver [string]

restoreMocks [boolean]

rootDir [string]

roots [array<string>]

runner [string]

setupFiles [array]

setupFilesAfterEnv [array]

slowTestThreshold [number]

snapshotResolver [string]

snapshotSerializers [array<string>]

testEnvironment [string]

testEnvironmentOptions [Object]

testFailureExitCode [number]

testMatch [array<string>]

testPathIgnorePatterns [array<string>]

testRegex [string | array<string>]

testResultsProcessor [string]

testRunner [string]

testSequencer [string]

testTimeout [number]

testURL [string]

timers [string]

transform [object<string, pathToTransformer | [pathToTransformer, object]>]

transformIgnorePatterns [array<string>]

unmockedModulePathPatterns [array<string>]

verbose [boolean]

watchPathIgnorePatterns [array<string>]

watchPlugins [array<string | [string, object]>]

watchman [boolean]

// [string]

`automock` [boolean]

`bail` [number | boolean]

`cacheDirectory` [string]

`clearMocks` [boolean]

`collectCoverage` [boolean]

`collectCoverageFrom` [array]

`coverageDirectory` [string]

`coveragePathIgnorePatterns` [array<string>]

`coverageProvider` [string]

`coverageReporters [array<string | [string, options]>]`

`coverageThreshold` [object]

`dependencyExtractor` [string]

`displayName` [string, object]

`errorOnDeprecated` [boolean]

`extensionsToTreatAsEsm` [array<string>]

`extraGlobals` [array<string>]

`forceCoverageMatch` [array<string>]

`globals` [object]

`globalSetup` [string]

`globalTeardown` [string]

`haste` [object]

`injectGlobals` [boolean]

`maxConcurrency` [number]

`moduleDirectories` [array<string>]

`moduleFileExtensions` [array<string>]

`moduleNameMapper` [object<string, string | array<string>>]

`modulePathIgnorePatterns` [array<string>]

`modulePaths` [array<string>]

`notify` [boolean]

`notifyMode` [string]

`preset` [string]

`prettierPath` [string]

`projects` [array<string | projectconfig>]

`reporters` [array<modulename | [modulename, options]>]

`resetMocks` [boolean]

`resetModules` [boolean]

`resolver` [string]

`restoreMocks` [boolean]

`rootDir` [string]

`roots` [array<string>]

`runner` [string]

`setupFiles` [array]

`setupFilesAfterEnv` [array]

`slowTestThreshold` [number]

`snapshotResolver` [string]

`snapshotSerializers` [array<string>]

`testEnvironment` [string]

`testEnvironmentOptions` [Object]

`testFailureExitCode` [number]

`testMatch` [array<string>]

`testPathIgnorePatterns` [array<string>]

`testRegex` [string | array<string>]

`testResultsProcessor` [string]

`testRunner` [string]

`testSequencer` [string]

`testTimeout` [number]

`testURL` [string]

`timers` [string]

`transform` [object<string, pathToTransformer | [pathToTransformer, object]>]

`transformIgnorePatterns` [array<string>]

`unmockedModulePathPatterns` [array<string>]

`verbose` [boolean]

`watchPathIgnorePatterns` [array<string>]

`watchPlugins` [array<string | [string, object]>]

`watchman` [boolean]

`//` [string]